When a cat stops using his litter box, he should first be taken for a veterinary check-up to rule out a medical problem. Next, owners should observe the cat’s behavior to discover whether or not the problem is caused by an aversion to the litter box or kitty litter type. If the litter box is clean, large enough and in a quiet area, and the litter brand or box location have not been changed recently, the problem may be psychological.
The three most common psychological issues that cause cats to go outside the box are litter-box-related trauma, change-related anxiety and frightening events in other areas of the house.
Litter-Box-Related Trauma
Many cats begin to avoid their litter box because something unpleasant or frightening has happened to the cat while using it. In this case you may need to get a new litter box and a new brand of litter, and move the box to a new location to break the bad association. If the cat has been startled by other animals or children while using the box, it’s important to make sure that the new location is protected from such intrusions. If you are unable to prevent other pets from bothering the cat while using the box, make sure the box isn’t tucked into a corner where there is no escape route. The cat needs to feel as though he can get away if necessary.
Some cats stop using their litter boxes because they have come to associate them with punishment. A cat that has been scolded or punished for using the wrong spot and then placed in the litter box may develop an aversion to the box. A new litter box, kitty litter brand and box location may be required to overcome the bad association.
Territorial Issues in Multi-Cat Households
When there are many cats in a house, you may have to provide each cat with his own box due to territory issues. Most pet experts agree that the ideal number of litter boxes is one per cat plus one additional box. When there are severe territory issues among cats, each cat may need to be provided with a separate feeding station as well.
Change-Related Anxiety
Cats dislike change. Moving to a new house, introducing new pets and other life changes may cause significant anxiety. Because the stressor often cannot be eliminated, other measures must be taken. Spending lots of quality time with the cat can help to reduce anxiety. In the case of extreme stress, if the environment cannot be modified to remove the stressor, a veterinarian may prescribe an anti-anxiety medication.
Frightening Events
Cats can lose control of their bladder and bowels if something terrifies them. A person or animal might be frightening the cat regularly. This is particularly likely if the problem occurs near a window or doorway where another animal might look in. Closing curtains can help with this problem, as well as making sure there is no way for other animals to get into the house.
Other Problems That May Cause Cats to Urinate or Defecate Outside the Litter Box
Cats may avoid using their litter boxes due to issues with the box, its location or the type of kitty litter. For other common causes of litter box problems, see Solving Litter Box Problems. For safe deterrents to prevent cats from soiling in inappropriate places, see How to Stop Cats Urinating on Beds.
Further Reading
For more information on cat care, see What Should I Feed My Cat and Natural Flea Control for Cats.
References:
- Lipscomb, B. (2008). “Outside the Box."
- U.S. Humane Society. (2002). "Solving Litter Box Problems."
Jennifer Copley - Jennifer Copley, BFA, BEd, has a diverse base of expertise that includes research, writing, education, pet care, and various other ...
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